Assessment of Stroke Risk and Related Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is associated with a range of acute and chronic complications, including an elevated risk of stroke. Early identification of stroke risk factors in diabetic patients is critical to reducing complications and improving health outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the stroke risk levels among patients with T2DM, identify associated factors, and provide insights for targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients with T2DM at Khlongkhoen Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Data were collected using structured interviews, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and complications. Stroke risk levels were classified into low risk and moderate-to-high risk. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: Among the patients, 35% were classified as low risk, while 65% were in the moderate-to-high risk category. Significant factors associated with stroke risk included earlier age at diabetes diagnosis (<60 years; p=0.02) and the presence of two or more comorbidities (p=0.04). Symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia were also significantly associated with stroke risk (p=0.043). However, exercise frequency showed no significant relationship with stroke risk (p=0.533). Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for early screening and comprehensive management of stroke risk factors in diabetic patients, particularly those with early-onset diabetes and multiple comorbidities. Integrating community-based interventions and patient education may improve self-care and reduce stroke-related complications.