The Development of a Democratic Classroom Activity Package to Promote Coexistence Skills among Grade 1 Students Demonstration School Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

Abstract

The objectives of the research were to (1) develop a set of Democratic Classroom Activities, (2) examine the instructional efficiency of the developed activities, and (3) investigate students’ satisfaction with the activities in promoting coexistence skills among Grade 1 students. The participants consisted of 29 Grade 1 students selected through purposive sampling. The instructional materials were evaluated by experts using the Index of Item– Objective Congruence (IOC). The efficiency of the learning activities was analyzed by comparing in-class activity performance (E1) and post-test achievement (E2) based on the 80/80 criterion. Data analysis included mean scores, standard deviations, and a dependent samples t-test using a pretest– posttest design. A five- point Likert- scale questionnaire was developed to assess students’ satisfaction. aThe results revealed that (1) the Democratic Classroom Activities achieved an efficiency level of 80.09/90.00, exceeding the established 80/80 criterion; (2) students’ mean scores significantly increased from 4.28 on the pretest to 9.03 on the posttest, indicating a statistically significant improvement in coexistence skills at the .05 level; and (3) students reported the highest level of satisfaction with learning through democratic classroom activities, particularly in collaborative participation and shared decision-making (M = 5.42, SD = 0.35). The findings suggest that the Democratic Classroom Activities effectively promote coexistence skills by integrating global citizenship education and 21st- century skills within an active and participatory learning environment.